commit 73fc2121bf664c633348c3d3fb20dfa49d038673 Author: duartegoncalvesds Date: Thu Mar 12 21:05:38 2026 +0000 first commit diff --git a/.gitignore b/.gitignore new file mode 100644 index 0000000..831433b --- /dev/null +++ b/.gitignore @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +venv +staticfiles +./db.sqlite3 +.idea +*~ +*.sqlite3 +_static_root +_bots*s +__temp* +__pycache__/ +*.py[cod] +.DS_Store +*.otreezip +/Sample Code/ diff --git a/Finish/Comments.html b/Finish/Comments.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..ee748f2 --- /dev/null +++ b/Finish/Comments.html @@ -0,0 +1,42 @@ +{{ extends "_static/global/Page.html" }} +{{ block title }} + Comments +{{ endblock }} +{{ block styles}} + + +{{ endblock }} +{{ block scripts}} + + + +{{ endblock }} + +{{ block content }} + +

+ We would like to know more about your thought process when doing the task. + Namely, +
+ - How did you decide which option to choose? +
+ - What was important in guessing how your opponent chose? +
+ - How sure were you that you were choosing well? +
+
+ Any feedback you have will be useful for us. +

+ + {{ formfields }} + +

+ Click 'Next' to complete the task. You must do this to receive your payment. +
+
+ Thank you for participating. +

+ + {{ next_button }} + +{{ endblock }} diff --git a/Finish/Demographics.html b/Finish/Demographics.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..ceb3f1a --- /dev/null +++ b/Finish/Demographics.html @@ -0,0 +1,31 @@ +{{ extends "_static/global/Page.html" }} +{{ block title }} + Questionnaire +{{ endblock }} +{{ block styles}} + + +{{ endblock }} +{{ block scripts}} + + + +{{ endblock }} + +{{ block content }} + +

+ Before we conclude, we would like to ask you a few questions about yourself. +

+ + {{ formfields }} + +

+ You must answer each question before you can continue. +

+ + {{ next_button }} + + + +{{ endblock }} diff --git a/Finish/EndOfExperiment.html b/Finish/EndOfExperiment.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..a9d3e78 --- /dev/null +++ b/Finish/EndOfExperiment.html @@ -0,0 +1,34 @@ +{{ extends "_static/global/Page.html" }} +{{ load otree static }} + +{{ block title }} + End of experiment +{{ endblock }} + + + +{{ block styles }} +{{ endblock }} + + + +{{ block scripts }} +{{ endblock }} + + + +{{ block content }} + + +

+ Thank you for participating. + Click 'Next' to complete the experiment. +

+ +

+ You need to complete the experiment to receive your payment. +

+ +{{ next_button }} + +{{ endblock }} diff --git a/Finish/RedirectProlific.html b/Finish/RedirectProlific.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..ae9f510 --- /dev/null +++ b/Finish/RedirectProlific.html @@ -0,0 +1,22 @@ +{{ extends "_static/global/Page.html" }} +{{ load otree static }} + +{{ block title }} + Results +{{ endblock }} + +{{block scripts}} + +{{ endblock }} + +{{ block content }} + +{{ endblock }} + + diff --git a/Finish/RedirectQualtrics.html b/Finish/RedirectQualtrics.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..5a88c05 --- /dev/null +++ b/Finish/RedirectQualtrics.html @@ -0,0 +1,21 @@ +{{ extends "_static/global/Page.html" }} +{{ load otree static }} + +{{ block title }} + Results +{{ endblock }} + +{{block scripts}} + +{{ endblock }} + +{{ block content }} +{{ endblock }} + + diff --git a/Finish/__init__.py b/Finish/__init__.py new file mode 100644 index 0000000..b702236 --- /dev/null +++ b/Finish/__init__.py @@ -0,0 +1,139 @@ +from otree.api import * +import numpy as np +import random +import operator + + +doc = """ +App to characterise complexity of decision-making, with sums with varying numbers of elements in each sum. +""" + + +class C(BaseConstants): + NAME_IN_URL = 'end' + PLAYERS_PER_GROUP = None + NUM_ROUNDS = 1 + + + +class Subsession(BaseSubsession): + pass + + +class Group(BaseGroup): + pass + + +class Player(BasePlayer): + participation_fee= models.CurrencyField() + + # Standard survey questions + Age = models.IntegerField(min=18, label="Please enter your age:") + EducationLevel = models.StringField( + label="What is the highest level of education that you completed?", + choices=[ + "Primary Education or Less", + "Secondary Education/High School", + "Business, technical, or vocational school after Secondary Education/High School", + "Some college or university qualification, but not a Bachelor", + "Bachelor or equivalent", + "Master or Post-graduate training or professional schooling after college (e.g., law or medical school)", + "Ph.D. or equivalent" + ], + widget = widgets.RadioSelect + ) + EducationField = models.StringField( + label="Choose the field that best describes your primary field of education.", + choices=[ + "Generic", + "Arts and Humanities", + "Social Sciences and Journalism", + "Economics", + "Education", + "Business, Administration, and Law", + "Computer Science, Information, and Communication Technologies", + "Natural Sciences", + "Mathematics and Statistics", + "Engineering, Manufacturing, and Construction", + "Agriculture, Forestry, Fisheries, and Veterinary", + "Health and Welfare", + "Services (Transport, Hygiene and Health, Security, and Other)" + ], + widget = widgets.RadioSelect + ) + Comments = models.LongStringField( + label="If you have any comments, please leave them below.", + blank=True + ) + + + + + +# PAGES +class Demographics(Page): + """Socio-demographic questions""" + form_model = 'player' + form_fields = ['Age', 'EducationLevel', 'EducationField'] + + @staticmethod + def is_displayed(player): + return player.round_number == C.NUM_ROUNDS + + +class Comments(Page): + """Comments""" + form_model = 'player' + form_fields = ['Comments'] + + @staticmethod + def is_displayed(player): + return player.round_number == C.NUM_ROUNDS + + +class EndOfExperiment(Page): + @staticmethod + def vars_for_template(player): + return dict( + context=player.session.config['context'] + ) + +class RedirectProlific(Page): + @staticmethod + def is_displayed(player): + return ( + player.round_number == C.NUM_ROUNDS and + player.session.config['context'] == "prolific" and + not player.participant.vars.get('failed_captcha', False) + ) + + @staticmethod + def js_vars(player): + return dict( + completionlink= + player.subsession.session.config['completionlink'] + ) + +class RedirectQualtrics(Page): + @staticmethod + def is_displayed(player): + return ( + player.round_number == C.NUM_ROUNDS and + player.session.config['context'] == "lab" and + not player.participant.vars.get('failed_captcha', False) + ) + + @staticmethod + def js_vars(player): + return dict( + elfecompletionlink= + player.session.config['elfecompletionlink']+"participantid="+player.participant.code+"&sessionid="+player.session.config['elfesessionid'] + ) + +page_sequence = [ + Demographics, + Comments, + EndOfExperiment, + RedirectProlific, + RedirectQualtrics +] diff --git a/Finish/tests.py b/Finish/tests.py new file mode 100644 index 0000000..043cdc8 --- /dev/null +++ b/Finish/tests.py @@ -0,0 +1,10 @@ +from otree.api import Currency as c, currency_range, expect, Bot, SubmissionMustFail +from . import * +import random + + +class PlayerBot(Bot): + def play_round(self): + if self.round_number == 1: + yield Submission(EndOfExperiment, check_html = False) + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/Procfile b/Procfile new file mode 100644 index 0000000..9156b92 --- /dev/null +++ b/Procfile @@ -0,0 +1,2 @@ +web: otree prodserver1of2 +worker: otree prodserver2of2 diff --git a/Start/Welcome.html b/Start/Welcome.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..46f48fe --- /dev/null +++ b/Start/Welcome.html @@ -0,0 +1,185 @@ +{{ extends "_static/global/Page.html" }} +{{ load otree static }} +{{ block title }} + Welcome! +{{ endblock }} + +{{ block content }} + + + +

Thank you for participating in this study.

+ In this study, we will ask you to make choices. + You will get {{session.config.currency_symbol}}{{participation_fee|to2}} when completing the study. +
+ You can earn an additional bonus payment of up to {{session.config.currency_symbol}}{{max_payment|to2}}, depending on your choices. +

+ This study is conducted under a strict policy of no deception. You will never be lied to during this study. + The instructions will detail how the study works and how you are paid. +

+ {{ if use_captchas == 1 }} +

+ 'Bot'-Detection +

+ This study is designed for humans and cannot be fulfilled using automated answers. You will be asked to transcribe easily legible words in this study. If you fail to transcribe a word three times, the study will be immediately terminated and you will not be able to complete it nor receive payment. +

+ {{ endif }} +

Informed Consent

+ Your participation in this study is voluntary. You can withdraw consent or discontinue participation at any time. + All data and published work resulting from this study will be anonymised and maintain your individual privacy. +

+ Please read this information sheet to decide if you want to participate in this study. + You need to open this document to proceed. Should you have any questions or concerns, please contact the researchers or the UCL Research Ethics Office. +

+ + Participant's statement: I confirm that: +

I have read and understood the information sheet;
I understand that I can refuse or withdraw from this study at any time without affecting my rights or status;
I am 18 or older and I freely consent to participate in this study;
I may ask the researchers for a copy of these documents for my records.

+ +

+ Do you agree with the statement above and consent to participate in the study?
+ + Yes, I agree and wish to participate in the study. +
+ + No, I do not agree and do not wish to participate in the study. +
+ +

+ + + +

+ Next, we will provide instructions explaining how the study works and how you will be paid. + As a reminder, you will never be lied to during this or any study at the UCL Experimental Laboratory for Finance and Economics (UCL ELFE). +

When you are ready, please click "Next" to go on.

+ +

+ + + + +{{ endblock }} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/Start/__init__.py b/Start/__init__.py new file mode 100644 index 0000000..c0aaa7c --- /dev/null +++ b/Start/__init__.py @@ -0,0 +1,50 @@ +from otree import session +from otree.api import * + + +doc = """ +Landing page with consent. +""" + + +class C(BaseConstants): + NAME_IN_URL = 'Start' + PLAYERS_PER_GROUP = None + NUM_ROUNDS = 1 + + +class Subsession(BaseSubsession): + pass + + +class Group(BaseGroup): + pass + + +class Player(BasePlayer): + consent = models.BooleanField(blank=True) + exp = models.IntegerField() + +# FUNCTIONS + +# PAGES +class Welcome(Page): + form_model = 'player' + form_fields = ['consent'] + + @staticmethod + def vars_for_template(player): + return dict( + participation_fee=float(player.session.config['participation_fee']), + max_payment=float(player.session.config['max_payment']), + use_captchas=player.session.config['use_captchas'], + estimated_completion_time=player.session.config['estimated_completion_time'], + # usinstructions = player.session.config['usinstructions'], + ) + + @staticmethod + def before_next_page(player: Player, timeout_happened): + player.exp = 1 + player.participant.vars['exp'] = 1 + +page_sequence = [Welcome] diff --git a/Task1/Captcha.html b/Task1/Captcha.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..2309b6b --- /dev/null +++ b/Task1/Captcha.html @@ -0,0 +1,88 @@ +{{ extends "_static/global/Page.html" }} +{{ load otree static }} + +{{ block title }} + Bot Detection +{{ endblock }} +{{ block styles}} + + +{{ endblock }} +{{ block scripts}} + + + +{{ endblock }} + +{{ block content }} +

+
+

Bot Detection - Attempt ${attempt}

+ Type the following word or phrase into the box below, then press 'Next'. Answers are not case-sensitive. +
+ You have three attempts. If you fail all three attempts, the task will end and you will not be paid. +
+ You have one minute per attempt. +

+
+ {{ formfields }} + +

${time_until_end_display}

+ +{{ endblock }} + + + diff --git a/Task1/CaptchaFailed.html b/Task1/CaptchaFailed.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..bb70eac --- /dev/null +++ b/Task1/CaptchaFailed.html @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +{{ extends "_static/global/Page.html" }} +{{ load otree static }} + +{{ block title }} + Bot Detection Failed +{{ endblock }} + +{{ block styles}} +{{ endblock }} + +{{ block scripts}} +{{ endblock }} + +{{ block content }} +

+ You failed the transcription task three times.
+ You will not be able to continue the experiment. +

+{{ endblock }} diff --git a/Task1/Instructions.html b/Task1/Instructions.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..bfdeb72 --- /dev/null +++ b/Task1/Instructions.html @@ -0,0 +1,195 @@ +{{ extends "_static/global/Page.html" }} +{{ load otree static }} + +{{ block styles}} +{{ endblock }} + +{{ block title }} + Instructions +{{ endblock }} + +{{ block content }} + + {{ include "Task1/InstructionsBase.html" }} + +

Questions

+ You must answer the following questions correctly before you can proceed. +

+ +

+ +
+

+ + Some of the questions are unanswered or incorrect. + You must answer all questions correctly before you can proceed. +
+ Update your answers and try again. +

+ All answers are correct! Click 'Next' to proceed. +

+ +

+ + + + +

+{{ endblock }} + + + +{{ block scripts }} + + + + + + + + + + + + +{{ endblock }} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/Task1/InstructionsBase.html b/Task1/InstructionsBase.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..b763f40 --- /dev/null +++ b/Task1/InstructionsBase.html @@ -0,0 +1,94 @@ +

+ Your Task +

+ This task has {{ C.NUM_PAYMENT_ROUNDS }} rounds. +
+ Every round, you and other participants (1) make a choice and (2) guess the choices of other participants. + Your choice and guess will determine how likely you are to get a bonus of {{ player.session.config.currency_symbol }}{{ player.session.config.bonus | to2 }}. +
+ At the end of the task, you will be paid the participation fee of {{ player.session.config.currency_symbol }}{{ player.session.config.participation_payment | to2 }} and one round will be chosen randomly to determine your chance of getting the bonus. +

+ +

+ In each round, you will be randomly matched with another participant (your opponent). Both you and your opponent must choose between an asset (Option A) and the assigned baseline points (Option B). +

+ Option A: You receive the asset's value if your opponent chooses Option B. If both you and your opponent choose Option A, both of you receive 0 points. +
+ Option B: You receive your assigned baseline points, regardless of what your opponent chooses. +

+ +

Key Details

+ Asset's Value: The asset is worth the same amount of points for both you and your opponent. +
+ Baseline Points: At the start of each round, every participant is assigned a random number of baseline points between 0 and 100. All values are equally likely and have been randomised for each participant.
+ You will not know your opponent's baseline points and your opponent will not know your baseline points. +
+ Same Incentives for Everyone: Everyone else in the task follows these same rules and has the same incentives as you. +
+ Independence: The asset value, your baseline points, and your opponent's baseline points vary each round. Your choices across rounds are independent and do not affect one another. +

+ +

Example

+ Suppose the asset (Option A) is worth 50 points and your baseline points (Option B) are 38.4. +

+ If you choose Option B, you are guaranteed to receive your baseline points of 38.4. +
+ If you choose Option A and your opponent chooses Option B, you receive the asset value of 50. +
+ If both you and your opponent choose Option A, both of you receive 0 points. +

+ +

Guesses

+ In addition, we will ask you what you believe other participants will do. + The more accurate your guess is, the more likely you are to get the bonus. +

+ +

Bonus Payment Rule

+ Your choice and guess will determine how likely you are to get the bonus. + The payment rule is designed so that + (1) you choose to maximise what your points given how likely you think others are to invest or not; + (2) you tell us what you believe the probability is that your opponent chooses each action. +
+ To ensure this, your payment from guesses is determined as follows: +

At the end of the study, one round will be randomly selected, and either your choice or your guess is chosen to determine payment, both equally likely.
If your choice is selected for payment, then the probability you get the bonus equals the number of points you got from your choice, as described above.
If your guess is selected for payment, we draw two random choices according to your guess. + You get 50 points for each choice that matches the choice of your opponent. + In addition, you get 50 points if the two drawn choices are different. + The probability you get the bonus equals the resulting total number of points.

+ +

Practice Rounds

+ In order to get familiarised with the task, you will begin with {{ C.NUM_PRACTICE_ROUNDS }} practice rounds. + The practice rounds do not count toward your chance of getting the bonus. +
+ There is also a brief questionnaire at the end. +

+ + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/Task1/NewRound.html b/Task1/NewRound.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..39587c4 --- /dev/null +++ b/Task1/NewRound.html @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +{{ extends "_static/global/Page.html" }} +{{ load otree static }} +{{ block title }} + Main Task +{{ endblock }} +{{ block content }} +

+ You will now make choices {{ C.NUM_PAYMENT_ROUNDS }} rounds.
+ One of these rounds will be randomly selected to determine your bonus payment at the end of the task.
+ You will not receive feedback. +

+ +

+ {{ next_button }} +

+ +{{ endblock }} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/Task1/Task.html b/Task1/Task.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..c78a498 --- /dev/null +++ b/Task1/Task.html @@ -0,0 +1,185 @@ +{{ extends "_static/global/Page.html" }} +{{ load otree static }} + +{{ block title }} + {{ if player.practice == 1 }} + Practice Round {{ practice_round_number }} out of {{ C.NUM_PRACTICE_ROUNDS }} + {{ endif }} + {{ if player.practice == 0 }} + Round {{ payment_round_number }} out of {{ C.NUM_PAYMENT_ROUNDS }} + {{ endif }} +{{ endblock }} + +{{ block scripts }} + +{{ endblock }} + +{{ block styles }} + +{{ endblock }} + +{{ block content }} + + + +
+

+ Asset's worth: {{ player.value | to0 }} points. +
+ Your baseline points: {{ player.cost | to1 }}. +
+ Opponent's baseline points: a random number between 0 and 100, all equally likely. +
+ You will not know your opponent's baseline points and your opponent will not know your baseline points. +

+

+ +

Which option do you choose?

+ + + + + + + + + +

+ +	Option A: Asset's worth if opponent chooses Option B.
+ +	Option B: Baseline points.

+

+ +

+ What do you think is the probability that your opponent chooses each option: +

+ +

+ Option A
+ --% + +

+ +

+ Option B
+ --% + +

+ +

+ + {{ if player.practice == 1 }} +

+ {{ endif }} + {{ if player.practice == 0 }} +

+ {{ endif }} + +

+ +

+ + +

+{{ endblock }} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/Task1/TaskFeedback.html b/Task1/TaskFeedback.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..1efd209 --- /dev/null +++ b/Task1/TaskFeedback.html @@ -0,0 +1,225 @@ +{{ extends "_static/global/Page.html" }} +{{ load otree static }} + +{{ block title }} + {{ if player.practice == 1 }} + Practice Round {{ practice_round_number }} out of {{ C.NUM_PRACTICE_ROUNDS }} + {{ endif }} + {{ if player.practice == 0 }} + Round {{ payment_round_number }} out of {{ C.NUM_PAYMENT_ROUNDS }} + {{ endif }} +{{ endblock }} + +{{ block scripts }} + +{{ endblock }} + +{{ block styles }} + +{{ endblock }} + +{{ block content }} + + + +
+

+

+ +

Which option do you choose?

+ + + + + + + + + +

+ +	Option A: Asset's worth if opponent chooses Option B.
+ +	Option B: Baseline points.

+

+ +

+ What do you think is the probability that your opponent chooses each option: +

+ +

+ Option A
+ --% + +

+ +

+ Option B
+ --% + +

+ +

+ + +

+ In this practice round, you chose Option {{ if player.decision == 0 }}A{{ endif }}{{ if player.decision == 1}}B{{ endif }} and guessed that your opponent chose Option A with {{ belief_A | to1 }}% probability and Option B with {{ belief_B | to1 }}% probability. +

+ Recall that only one round is selected for payment and, in that round, only either your choice or your guess counts toward your payment. +

+ If your choice in this round were chosen for payment, you would get the {{ player.session.config.currency_symbol }}{{ player.session.config.bonus | to2 }} bonus with {{ if player.decision == 0 }}0% if your opponent chose Option A and {{ player.value | to0 }}% probability if your opponent chose Option B{{ endif }}{{ if player.decision == 1 }}{{ player.cost | to1 }}% probability, regardless of your opponent's choice{{ endif }}. +
+ If your guess in this round were chosen for payment, you would get the {{ player.session.config.currency_symbol }}{{ player.session.config.bonus | to2 }} bonus with {{ paymentbelief_A | to1 }}% if your opponent chose Option A and {{ paymentbelief_B | to1 }}% if your opponent chose Option B. +

+ It is always best to submit your best guess to maximise the probability of getting paid the bonus. +

+
+

+ Click 'Next' to see your instructions for this study. +

+ + {{ if player.practice == 1 }} +

+ {{ endif }} + +

+ +

+ + +

+{{ endblock }} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/Task1/TaskIntro.html b/Task1/TaskIntro.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..2e786c9 --- /dev/null +++ b/Task1/TaskIntro.html @@ -0,0 +1,30 @@ +{{ extends "_static/global/Page.html" }} +{{ load otree static }} +{{ block title }} + Main Task +{{ endblock }} +{{ block content }} +

+ {{ if player.practice == 1}} +

+ You will now have {{C.NUM_PRACTICE_ROUNDS}} practice round{{ if C.NUM_PRACTICE_ROUNDS > 1 }}s{{ endif }} to familiarise yourself with the study. +
+ You will receive feedback after your choices. +
+ You will not be paid for {{ if C.NUM_PRACTICE_ROUNDS == 1 }}this round{{ endif }}{{ if C.NUM_PRACTICE_ROUNDS > 1 }}these rounds{{ endif }}. +

+ {{ endif }} + {{ if player.practice == 0}} +

+ {{ endif }} +

+ +

+ {{ next_button }} +

+ +{{ endblock }} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/Task1/__init__.py b/Task1/__init__.py new file mode 100644 index 0000000..d973460 --- /dev/null +++ b/Task1/__init__.py @@ -0,0 +1,313 @@ +from otree.api import * +import random +import math +import json +import numpy as np +import random +import itertools + + +doc = """Template""" + +class C(BaseConstants): + NAME_IN_URL = 'Decision' + PLAYERS_PER_GROUP = None + + # Rounds + NUM_PRACTICE_ROUNDS = 2 + NUM_PAYMENT_ROUNDS = 3 + NUM_ROUNDS = NUM_PRACTICE_ROUNDS + NUM_PAYMENT_ROUNDS + + # Captchas + max_captcha_time = 60 + captcha_rounds = [1, 2, ] # The rounds in which captchas occur + captcha_text = ["bonus", "payment", ] # The text the participants need to input (can use upper or lowercase) + + treatments_between_list = [0, 1] + cost_list = [5, 15, 25, 35, 45, 55, 65, 75, 85, 95] + value_list = [10, 30, 50, 70, 90] + payoffs_list = [] + for cost in cost_list: + for value in value_list: + payoffs_list.append([value, cost]) + + + + +class Subsession(BaseSubsession): + pass + + +class Group(BaseGroup): + pass + + +class Player(BasePlayer): + practice = models.IntegerField() + player_round = models.IntegerField() + + decision = models.IntegerField() + belief_1 = models.FloatField(min=0, max=100) + + # Between-Participant Treatment + treatment_between = models.IntegerField() + + # Within-Participant Treatment + treatment_index_within = models.IntegerField() + value = models.FloatField() + cost = models.FloatField() + + # Time fields + time_spent = models.IntegerField() + time_spent_instructions = models.IntegerField() + + # Captcha + captcha_attempt_1 = models.StringField(label="", initial="") + captcha_attempt_2 = models.StringField(label="", initial="") + captcha_attempt_3 = models.StringField(label="", initial="") + + # Instructions + incorrect_instruction_answers = models.StringField(blank=True) + errors_quiz = models.IntegerField() + + instructions_clicked = models.BooleanField() + + prolific_id = models.StringField(default=str(" ")) + + + +# FUNCTIONS +def creating_session(subsession: Subsession): + # Between-participant treatment + # Extend between treatment list * Total participants in session /2 /Nr Between treatments and shuffle + total_number_participants = 10 # max([1,math.floor(len(player.session.get_participants())/2/len(C.treatments_between_list))]) + between_treatment_list_shuffled = C.treatments_between_list * total_number_participants + random.shuffle(between_treatment_list_shuffled) + + # Within-participant treatment + reps = len(C.payoffs_list) // C.NUM_PAYMENT_ROUNDS + remainder = len(C.payoffs_list) % C.NUM_PAYMENT_ROUNDS + + for player in subsession.get_players(): + + player.prolific_id = player.participant.label + player.player_round = player.round_number + + player.participant.vars['failed_captcha'] = False + + # Between-participant treatment assignment + player.treatment_between = between_treatment_list_shuffled[len(between_treatment_list_shuffled) % player.participant.id_in_session-1] + + if player.round_number == 1: + # Within-participant treatment assignment + treatments_indices_within = list(range(len(C.payoffs_list))) * reps + remaining_treatments = list(range(len(C.payoffs_list))) + random.shuffle(remaining_treatments) + treatments_indices_within = treatments_indices_within + remaining_treatments[:remainder] + random.shuffle(treatments_indices_within) + for r in range(C.NUM_PAYMENT_ROUNDS): + player.in_round(C.NUM_PRACTICE_ROUNDS+1+r).treatment_index_within = treatments_indices_within[r] + + if player.player_round <= C.NUM_PRACTICE_ROUNDS: + player.practice = 1 + player.value = random.choice(C.value_list) + player.cost = np.round(random.choice(C.cost_list)+10*(random.random()-.5),1) + if player.player_round > C.NUM_PRACTICE_ROUNDS: + player.practice = 0 + player.value = C.payoffs_list[player.treatment_index_within][0] + player.cost = np.round(C.payoffs_list[player.treatment_index_within][1]+10*(random.random()-.5),1) + + + +# PAGES +class Instructions(Page): + form_model = 'player' + form_fields = ['incorrect_instruction_answers', 'errors_quiz', 'time_spent_instructions',] + + @staticmethod + def is_displayed(player): + return player.round_number == 1 + + @staticmethod + def vars_for_template(player: Player): + return dict( + participation_fee=player.session.config['participation_fee'], + min_bonus_payment=player.session.config['min_bonus_payment'], + max_bonus_payment=player.session.config['max_bonus_payment'], + min_payment=player.session.config['min_payment'], + max_payment=player.session.config['max_payment'], + ) + + @staticmethod + def before_next_page(player, timeout_happened): + player.incorrect_instruction_answers = player.field_maybe_none('incorrect_instruction_answers') + + +class TaskIntro(Page): + @staticmethod + def is_displayed(player): + return ( + player.round_number in [1,C.NUM_PRACTICE_ROUNDS+1] and + not player.participant.vars.get('failed_captcha', False) + ) + + +class Task(Page): + form_model = 'player' + form_fields = ['decision','belief_1','time_spent',] + + @staticmethod + def is_displayed(player): + return ( + not player.participant.vars.get('failed_captcha', False) + ) + + @staticmethod + def vars_for_template(player): + return dict( + payment_round_number = player.round_number-C.NUM_PRACTICE_ROUNDS, + practice_round_number = player.round_number, + round_number = player.round_number, + ) + +class TaskFeedback(Page): + @staticmethod + def is_displayed(player): + return ( + player.round_number <= C.NUM_PRACTICE_ROUNDS and + not player.participant.vars.get('failed_captcha', False) + ) + @staticmethod + def vars_for_template(player): + return dict( + payment_round_number = player.round_number-C.NUM_PRACTICE_ROUNDS, + practice_round_number = player.round_number, + round_number = player.round_number, + belief_A = player.belief_1, + belief_B = 100-player.belief_1, + paymentbelief_A = 2*player.belief_1-player.belief_1**2/100, + paymentbelief_B = 100-player.belief_1**2/100, + ) + + @staticmethod + def js_vars(player): + return dict( + decision = player.decision, + belief_1 = player.belief_1, + ) + + + +class CaptchaFailed(Page): + @staticmethod + def is_displayed(player): + return ( + player.participant.vars.get('failed_captcha', True) + ) + +class Captcha1(Page): + template_name = 'Task1/Captcha.html' + form_model = 'player' + form_fields = ['captcha_attempt_1'] + + @staticmethod + def is_displayed(player): + if not ( + player.round_number in C.captcha_rounds + and not player.participant.vars.get('failed_captcha', False) + and player.subsession.session.config['use_captchas'] == 1 + ): + return False + else: + return True + + @staticmethod + def vars_for_template(player): + max_captcha_time = C.max_captcha_time + return { + 'image_path': "images/captchas/captcha{}.png".format(C.captcha_rounds.index(player.round_number) + 1), + 'attempt': 1, + 'max_captcha_time': max_captcha_time, + } + + +class Captcha2(Page): + template_name = 'Task1/Captcha.html' + form_model = 'player' + form_fields = ['captcha_attempt_2'] + + @staticmethod + def is_displayed(player): + if not ( + player.round_number in C.captcha_rounds + and not player.participant.vars.get('failed_captcha', False) + and player.subsession.session.config['use_captchas'] == 1 + ): + return False + else: + return player.captcha_attempt_1.lower() != C.captcha_text[C.captcha_rounds.index(player.round_number)].lower() + + @staticmethod + def vars_for_template(player): + max_captcha_time = C.max_captcha_time + return { + 'image_path': "images/captchas/captcha{}.png".format(C.captcha_rounds.index(player.round_number) + 1), + 'attempt': 2, + 'max_captcha_time': max_captcha_time, + } + + +class Captcha3(Page): + template_name = 'Task1/Captcha.html' + form_model = 'player' + form_fields = ['captcha_attempt_3'] + + @staticmethod + def is_displayed(player): + if not ( + player.round_number in C.captcha_rounds + and not player.participant.vars.get('failed_captcha', False) + and player.subsession.session.config['use_captchas'] == 1 + ): + return False + else: + return ( + player.captcha_attempt_1.lower() != C.captcha_text[ + C.captcha_rounds.index(player.round_number) + ].lower() + and player.captcha_attempt_2.lower() != C.captcha_text[ + C.captcha_rounds.index(player.round_number) + ].lower() + ) + @staticmethod + def vars_for_template(player): + max_captcha_time = C.max_captcha_time + return { + 'image_path': "images/captchas/captcha{}.png".format(C.captcha_rounds.index(player.round_number) + 1), + 'attempt': 3, + 'max_captcha_time': max_captcha_time, + } + + @staticmethod + def before_next_page(player, timeout_happened): + correct_text = C.captcha_text[C.captcha_rounds.index(player.round_number)].lower() + if ( + player.round_number in C.captcha_rounds + and player.captcha_attempt_1.lower() != correct_text + and player.captcha_attempt_2.lower() != correct_text + and player.captcha_attempt_3.lower() != correct_text + ): + player.participant.vars['failed_captcha'] = True + + +# Update page_sequence +page_sequence = [ + Instructions, + Captcha1, + Captcha2, + Captcha3, + CaptchaFailed, + TaskIntro, + Task, + TaskFeedback, +] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/Tutorial oTree.md b/Tutorial oTree.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..a402c63 --- /dev/null +++ b/Tutorial oTree.md @@ -0,0 +1,384 @@ +# Lecture: Introduction to oTree + +**Goal:** Understand the architecture of an oTree application and build a basic Bayesian game. + +--- + +### 0. Preliminaries: + +- [Learn Python in X Minutes](https://learnxinyminutes.com/python/) +- [oTree documentation](https://otree.readthedocs.io/en/latest/) +- [oTree Tutorials](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLBL9eqPcwzGPli11Yighw5LWwzIifEFd_) +- [Deploying oTree on Heroku via command line](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VrPdBEghYEM) + +--- +## 1. oTree + +### What is oTree? + +oTree is an open-source, Starlette-based framework for implementing interactive experiments in the browser. + +* **Logic:** Written in **Python**. +* **Interface:** Written in **HTML/Starlette** template tags. +* **Data Storage:** Automatic integration with **PostgreSQL** or **SQLite**. +* **Deployment:** Easy to host on **Heroku** or local servers. + +--- + +### Installation + project creation + +#### Install +```bash +python -m pip install otree +otree --version +``` + +#### Create a project +```bash +otree startproject myproject +cd myproject +otree devserver +``` + +Then open: `http://localhost:8000/` + +#### Create an app inside the project +```bash +otree startapp my_app +``` + +--- + +### File layout (important ones) + +Inside the project: +- `settings.py` — session configs, installed apps, currency settings, etc. +- `_static/` — CSS/JS (optional) +- `_templates/` — global templates (optional) +- `my_app/` — your app code + +Inside an app: +- `__init__.py` — main app logic (models + pages + constants) +- `templates/my_app/*.html` — participant-facing pages +- `tests.py` — automated tests/bots (optional but recommended) + +--- + + +### The Core Structure + +An oTree project is organised into **Apps**. Each app contains: + +* **`__init__.py`**: The "brain." Defines your models, variables, and logic. +* **`Pages.py`**: Controls the sequence of what the participant sees. +* **Templates (`.html`)**: The visual interface for each page. + + +### The Hierarchy + +1. **Session:** The entire group of participants. +2. **Subsession:** A specific round within an app. +3. **Group:** A collection of players interacting (e.g., in a prisoner's dilemma; we won't do this today). +4. **Player:** The individual unit. +5. **Pages**: The screens participants see (forms, instructions, results). + +Data live in the database. Each **Player** has fields that get saved automatically. + +--- + +### Defining Variables + +Variables are defined in `__init__.py` under three classes: `Constants`, `Subsession`, `Group`, and `Player`. + +```python +class Constants(BaseConstants): + NAME_IN_URL = 'Decision' + PLAYERS_PER_GROUP = None + NUM_PRACTICE_ROUNDS = 2 + NUM_PAYMENT_ROUNDS = 3 + NUM_ROUNDS = NUM_PRACTICE_ROUNDS + NUM_PAYMENT_ROUNDS + +class Player(BasePlayer): + decision = models.IntegerField() + belief_1 = models.FloatField(min=0, max=100) + captcha_attempt_1 = models.StringField(label="", initial="") + +``` + +More types of fields here https://otree.readthedocs.io/en/latest/models.html#fields. + + +### Forms and validation + +Basic: +```python +class Decision(Page): + form_model = "player" + form_fields = ["choice"] +``` + +Cross-field validation: +```python +class Player(BasePlayer): + a = models.IntegerField() + b = models.IntegerField() + +class SomePage(Page): + form_model = "player" + form_fields = ["a", "b"] + + @staticmethod + def error_message(player, values): + if values["a"] + values["b"] != 10: + return "a + b must equal 10." +``` + + +--- + +### Where to put logic: common hooks + +- `Subsession.creating_session()` + Initialise per-session/per-round variables, assign treatments, form groups. + +- `Page.is_displayed(player)` + Conditional page display (by round/treatment/role). + +- `Page.vars_for_template(player)` + Pass computed values to the template. + +- `Page.error_message(player, values)` + Validate across multiple fields. + +- `Page.before_next_page(player, timeout_happened)` + Compute payoffs, set state, write vars. + +- `Group.set_payoffs()` (your own method) + Common pattern: compute payoffs after everyone submits. + +--- + +### Game Logic & Functions + +Logic is triggered by events. + +#### Determining if page is displayed + +```python +class TaskFeedback(Page): + @staticmethod + def is_displayed(player): + return ( + player.round_number <= C.NUM_PRACTICE_ROUNDS and + not player.participant.vars.get('failed_captcha', False) + ) +``` + +#### Setting values in particular rounds + +```python +def creating_session(subsession: Subsession): + for player in subsession.get_players(): + if player.round_number == 1: + treatments_index = list(range(len(C.payoffs_list))) + random.shuffle(treatments_index) + for r in range(C.NUM_PAYMENT_ROUNDS): + player.in_round(C.NUM_PRACTICE_ROUNDS+1+r).treatment_index = treatments_index[r] + +``` + +Useful built-in methods: https://otree.readthedocs.io/en/latest/models.html#built-in-fields-and-methods. + +--- + +### The User Interface + +Templates use HTML combined with oTree tags to display data dynamically. + +**Contribute.html** + +```html +{{ block title }} + Round {{ payment_round_number }} out of {{ C.NUM_PAYMENT_ROUNDS }} +{{ endblock }} +``` + +--- + +### Live pages (real-time interaction) + +For truly interactive real-time tasks (e.g., chat, continuous-time trading), +oTree supports **live pages** (WebSocket-style). Basic pattern: + +```python +class MyLivePage(Page): + live_method = "live_handler" + + @staticmethod + def live_handler(player, data): + # data is a dict sent from JS + return {player.id_in_group: dict(message="received")} +``` + +You also write JS in the template to send/receive messages. + +See more here: https://otree.readthedocs.io/en/latest/multiplayer/intro.html. + +--- + +### Running the Server + +To see your work in the browser: + +1. **Initialise:** `otree devserver 8000` +2. **Access:** Open `http://localhost:8000` +3. **Data:** Go to the Admin tab to monitor real-time results and export CSV/Excel files. + +--- + +### Quick Reference Table + +| Command | Purpose | +| --- | --- | +| `otree startproject ` | Create a new project folder | +| `otree startapp ` | Create a new app within the project | +| `otree devserver` | Run the local testing server | +| `otree zip` | Package the app for server upload | + +--- + + +> **Important:** Always test your app using to ensure your payoff logic works before bringing in real participants. + +--- + +## 2. Deployment + +For testing/class projects, focus first on: +- local devserver (`otree devserver`); +- exporting data reliably. + +Common option: +1. oTree app on GitHub. +2. Host on [heroku.com](heroku.com). +3. Recruit on [UCL ELFE](https://uclelfe.github.io) or [Prolific.com](https://www.prolific.com). + +Template already fitted to deal with this pipeline. +The setting (in config; available when creating a session) completionlink is where you should put the prolific link. +Prolific ID should be saved in participant labels. + +--- + +### On Heroku +- Create new app +- Deploy from GitHub; manual deploy; then turn on automatic deployments +- Add web dyno (GitHub education gives free dynos); worker dyno not needed +- Add-on: postgresql (cheapest for testing) + +Running for real: +- Performance M dynos with auto-scalling with max latency of 500ms +- Postgresql Standard 2 +- Config vars: OTREE_AUTH_LEVEL: STUDY; OTREE_PRODUCTION: 1; OTREE_ADMIN_PASSWORD: whateveryouwant + +Downgrading postgresql is a real pain. Here's my cheatsheet: +```bash +Procedure to copy and remove previous database on heroku +# Step 0. Login +heroku login + +# Step 1. Provision a new database +heroku addons:create heroku-postgresql:essential-0 --app example-app + +# Step 2. Enter maintenance mode to prevent database writes +heroku maintenance:on --app appname + +# Step 3. Transfer data to the new database +## Check name and colour; or on website; it takes a while to provision, give it 2-3 minutes for new database to to show up +heroku addons --all +heroku config --app example-app +## Copy +heroku pg:copy app_name_to_copy_from::HEROKU_POSTGRESQL_COLOUR_TO_COPY_FROM HEROKU_POSTGRESQL_COLOUR_TO_COPY_TO --app app_name_to_copy_to + +# Step 4. Promote the new database +heroku pg:promote HEROKU_POSTGRESQL_COLOUR_TO_PROMOTE -a appname + +# Step 5. Destroy previous database +heroku addons:destroy HEROKU_POSTGRESQL_COLOUR --confirm appname + +# Step 6. Exit maintenance mode +heroku maintenance:off --app appname + + +Example + +heroku login +heroku maintenance:on --app southern-path-2 +heroku addons:create heroku-postgresql:essential-0 --app southern-path-2 +heroku addons --all +# This gets you the colours of the database; note that it takes a bit to provision, so they won't show immediately +heroku config --app southern-path-2 +heroku pg:copy southern-path-2::DATABASE HEROKU_POSTGRESQL_PINK_URL --app southern-path-2 --confirm southern-path-2 +heroku pg:promote postgresql-clear-38905 -a southern-path-2 +heroku addons:destroy postgresql-round-22954 --confirm southern-path-2 +heroku maintenance:off --app southern-path-2 + +``` + +--- + +### On Prolific + +My typical study name: Survey on Decision-Making (up to **£X.00/Nmin** with bonus) + +Internal name: Acronym YYYY.MM.DD + +My typical description: +``` +This survey seeks to understand how individuals make choices and is conducted by academic researchers. + +You can earn up to £X.00 for Nmin. + +You will earn a minimum of £Y.00. + +Please keep in mind that how much you will receive will depend on your own choices and the choices of other participants. The payment scheme is designed to encourage you to think carefully about your choices. +``` + + +- Study label: None +- Device requirements: Desktop only +- Labels: None +- Limit participant access: Depends on your budget +- What's the URL of your study? +https://HEROKUAPPNAME.herokuapp.com/room/prolific?participant_label={{%PROLIFIC_PID%}}&STUDY_ID={{%STUDY_ID%}}&SESSION_ID={{%SESSION_ID%}} +- How do you want to record IDs? URL parameters +- Completion paths: Manually review +- Screeners: + - Current Country of Residence: United Kingdom (better sample) + - Approval Rate: 95–100 + - Fluent languages: English + - Exclude participants from other studies: any pilot and other waves of the same study that you've ran +- Do participants require a login & password to access your survey tool? No +- Total times a participant can complete your study: once +- Reject exceptionally fast submissions: NO! + +--- + +### On ELFE + +- Login to main terminal. +- Run the app in production mode, create ELFE session. +- Turn on all terminals and open the link. +- Test the Qualtrics questionnaire at the end. +- Test (elfe.lab.run)[elfe.lab.run]. +- Schedule session on (elfe.lab.run)[elfe.lab.run] and invite participants. + +On the day +- Login to main terminal. +- Run the app in production mode, create ELFE session. +- Turn on all terminals and open the link. +- Sit participants and allocate them on the app. +- Let them start after all seated. +- Take note of anything unusual. +- Show timer and remind participants of the time every half hour or so. +- Make sure everyone filled out the survey at the end before leaving (if they finished). +- Pay participants (lab manager, via Wise account). diff --git a/_static/global/Page.html b/_static/global/Page.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..bff5216 --- /dev/null +++ b/_static/global/Page.html @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ +{{ extends "otree/Page.html" }} +{{ load otree static }} + +{{ block global_styles }} + +{{ endblock }} + +{{ block global_scripts }} +{{ endblock }} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/_static/global/custom.css b/_static/global/custom.css new file mode 100644 index 0000000..adc9400 --- /dev/null +++ b/_static/global/custom.css @@ -0,0 +1,25 @@ +* { + margin: 0; + padding: 0; + border: 0; + outline: 0; +} +.center { + margin-left: auto; + margin-right: auto; +} +.otree-title { + margin-top:-30px; +} +.container { + height: 50px; + position: relative; +} +.centering { + margin: 0; + position: absolute; + top: 50%; + left: 50%; + -ms-transform: translate(-50%, -50%); + transform: translate(-50%, -50%); +} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/_static/images/captchas/captcha1.png b/_static/images/captchas/captcha1.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000..68196c4 Binary files /dev/null and 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their +// explicitness and function inlining +function isUndef (v) { + return v === undefined || v === null +} + +function isDef (v) { + return v !== undefined && v !== null +} + +function isTrue (v) { + return v === true +} + +function isFalse (v) { + return v === false +} + +/** + * Check if value is primitive + */ +function isPrimitive (value) { + return ( + typeof value === 'string' || + typeof value === 'number' || + // $flow-disable-line + typeof value === 'symbol' || + typeof value === 'boolean' + ) +} + +/** + * Quick object check - this is primarily used to tell + * Objects from primitive values when we know the value + * is a JSON-compliant type. + */ +function isObject (obj) { + return obj !== null && typeof obj === 'object' +} + +/** + * Get the raw type string of a value e.g. [object Object] + */ +var _toString = Object.prototype.toString; + +function toRawType (value) { + return _toString.call(value).slice(8, -1) +} + +/** + * Strict object type check. Only returns true + * for plain JavaScript objects. + */ +function isPlainObject (obj) { + return _toString.call(obj) === '[object Object]' +} + +function isRegExp (v) { + return _toString.call(v) === '[object RegExp]' +} + +/** + * Check if val is a valid array index. + */ +function isValidArrayIndex (val) { + var n = parseFloat(String(val)); + return n >= 0 && Math.floor(n) === n && isFinite(val) +} + +/** + * Convert a value to a string that is actually rendered. + */ +function toString (val) { + return val == null + ? '' + : typeof val === 'object' + ? JSON.stringify(val, null, 2) + : String(val) +} + +/** + * Convert a input value to a number for persistence. + * If the conversion fails, return original string. + */ +function toNumber (val) { + var n = parseFloat(val); + return isNaN(n) ? val : n +} + +/** + * Make a map and return a function for checking if a key + * is in that map. + */ +function makeMap ( + str, + expectsLowerCase +) { + var map = Object.create(null); + var list = str.split(','); + for (var i = 0; i < list.length; i++) { + map[list[i]] = true; + } + return expectsLowerCase + ? function (val) { return map[val.toLowerCase()]; } + : function (val) { return map[val]; } +} + +/** + * Check if a tag is a built-in tag. + */ +var isBuiltInTag = makeMap('slot,component', true); + +/** + * Check if a attribute is a reserved attribute. + */ +var isReservedAttribute = makeMap('key,ref,slot,slot-scope,is'); + +/** + * Remove an item from an array + */ +function remove (arr, item) { + if (arr.length) { + var index = arr.indexOf(item); + if (index > -1) { + return arr.splice(index, 1) + } + } +} + +/** + * Check whether the object has the property. + */ +var hasOwnProperty = Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty; +function hasOwn (obj, key) { + return hasOwnProperty.call(obj, key) +} + +/** + * Create a cached version of a pure function. + */ +function cached (fn) { + var cache = Object.create(null); + return (function cachedFn (str) { + var hit = cache[str]; + return hit || (cache[str] = fn(str)) + }) +} + +/** + * Camelize a hyphen-delimited string. + */ +var camelizeRE = /-(\w)/g; +var camelize = cached(function (str) { + return str.replace(camelizeRE, function (_, c) { return c ? c.toUpperCase() : ''; }) +}); + +/** + * Capitalize a string. + */ +var capitalize = cached(function (str) { + return str.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + str.slice(1) +}); + +/** + * Hyphenate a camelCase string. + */ +var hyphenateRE = /\B([A-Z])/g; +var hyphenate = cached(function (str) { + return str.replace(hyphenateRE, '-$1').toLowerCase() +}); + +/** + * Simple bind polyfill for environments that do not support it... e.g. + * PhantomJS 1.x. Technically we don't need this anymore since native bind is + * now more performant in most browsers, but removing it would be breaking for + * code that was able to run in PhantomJS 1.x, so this must be kept for + * backwards compatibility. + */ + +/* istanbul ignore next */ +function polyfillBind (fn, ctx) { + function boundFn (a) { + var l = arguments.length; + return l + ? l > 1 + ? fn.apply(ctx, arguments) + : fn.call(ctx, a) + : fn.call(ctx) + } + + boundFn._length = fn.length; + return boundFn +} + +function nativeBind (fn, ctx) { + return fn.bind(ctx) +} + +var bind = Function.prototype.bind + ? nativeBind + : polyfillBind; + +/** + * Convert an Array-like object to a real Array. + */ +function toArray (list, start) { + start = start || 0; + var i = list.length - start; + var ret = new Array(i); + while (i--) { + ret[i] = list[i + start]; + } + return ret +} + +/** + * Mix properties into target object. + */ +function extend (to, _from) { + for (var key in _from) { + to[key] = _from[key]; + } + return to +} + +/** + * Merge an Array of Objects into a single Object. + */ +function toObject (arr) { + var res = {}; + for (var i = 0; i < arr.length; i++) { + if (arr[i]) { + extend(res, arr[i]); + } + } + return res +} + +/** + * Perform no operation. + * Stubbing args to make Flow happy without leaving useless transpiled code + * with ...rest (https://flow.org/blog/2017/05/07/Strict-Function-Call-Arity/) + */ +function noop (a, b, c) {} + +/** + * Always return false. + */ +var no = function (a, b, c) { return false; }; + +/** + * Return same value + */ +var identity = function (_) { return _; }; + +/** + * Generate a static keys string from compiler modules. + */ +function genStaticKeys (modules) { + return modules.reduce(function (keys, m) { + return keys.concat(m.staticKeys || []) + }, []).join(',') +} + +/** + * Check if two values are loosely equal - that is, + * if they are plain objects, do they have the same shape? + */ +function looseEqual (a, b) { + if (a === b) { return true } + var isObjectA = isObject(a); + var isObjectB = isObject(b); + if (isObjectA && isObjectB) { + try { + var isArrayA = Array.isArray(a); + var isArrayB = Array.isArray(b); + if (isArrayA && isArrayB) { + return a.length === b.length && a.every(function (e, i) { + return looseEqual(e, b[i]) + }) + } else if (!isArrayA && !isArrayB) { + var keysA = Object.keys(a); + var keysB = Object.keys(b); + return keysA.length === keysB.length && keysA.every(function (key) { + return looseEqual(a[key], b[key]) + }) + } else { + /* istanbul ignore next */ + return false + } + } catch (e) { + /* istanbul ignore next */ + return false + } + } else if (!isObjectA && !isObjectB) { + return String(a) === String(b) + } else { + return false + } +} + +function looseIndexOf (arr, val) { + for (var i = 0; i < arr.length; i++) { + if (looseEqual(arr[i], val)) { return i } + } + return -1 +} + +/** + * Ensure a function is called only once. + */ +function once (fn) { + var called = false; + return function () { + if (!called) { + called = true; + fn.apply(this, arguments); + } + } +} + +var SSR_ATTR = 'data-server-rendered'; + +var ASSET_TYPES = [ + 'component', + 'directive', + 'filter' +]; + +var LIFECYCLE_HOOKS = [ + 'beforeCreate', + 'created', + 'beforeMount', + 'mounted', + 'beforeUpdate', + 'updated', + 'beforeDestroy', + 'destroyed', + 'activated', + 'deactivated', + 'errorCaptured' +]; + +/* */ + +var config = ({ + /** + * Option merge strategies (used in core/util/options) + */ + // $flow-disable-line + optionMergeStrategies: Object.create(null), + + /** + * Whether to suppress warnings. + */ + silent: false, + + /** + * Show production mode tip message on boot? + */ + productionTip: "development" !== 'production', + + /** + * Whether to enable devtools + */ + devtools: "development" !== 'production', + + /** + * Whether to record perf + */ + performance: false, + + /** + * Error handler for watcher errors + */ + errorHandler: null, + + /** + * Warn handler for watcher warns + */ + warnHandler: null, + + /** + * Ignore certain custom elements + */ + ignoredElements: [], + + /** + * Custom user key aliases for v-on + */ + // $flow-disable-line + keyCodes: Object.create(null), + + /** + * Check if a tag is reserved so that it cannot be registered as a + * component. This is platform-dependent and may be overwritten. + */ + isReservedTag: no, + + /** + * Check if an attribute is reserved so that it cannot be used as a component + * prop. This is platform-dependent and may be overwritten. + */ + isReservedAttr: no, + + /** + * Check if a tag is an unknown element. + * Platform-dependent. + */ + isUnknownElement: no, + + /** + * Get the namespace of an element + */ + getTagNamespace: noop, + + /** + * Parse the real tag name for the specific platform. + */ + parsePlatformTagName: identity, + + /** + * Check if an attribute must be bound using property, e.g. value + * Platform-dependent. + */ + mustUseProp: no, + + /** + * Exposed for legacy reasons + */ + _lifecycleHooks: LIFECYCLE_HOOKS +}) + +/* */ + +/** + * Check if a string starts with $ or _ + */ +function isReserved (str) { + var c = (str + '').charCodeAt(0); + return c === 0x24 || c === 0x5F +} + +/** + * Define a property. + */ +function def (obj, key, val, enumerable) { + Object.defineProperty(obj, key, { + value: val, + enumerable: !!enumerable, + writable: true, + configurable: true + }); +} + +/** + * Parse simple path. + */ +var bailRE = /[^\w.$]/; +function parsePath (path) { + if (bailRE.test(path)) { + return + } + var segments = path.split('.'); + return function (obj) { + for (var i = 0; i < segments.length; i++) { + if (!obj) { return } + obj = obj[segments[i]]; + } + return obj + } +} + +/* */ + +// can we use __proto__? +var hasProto = '__proto__' in {}; + +// Browser environment sniffing +var inBrowser = typeof window !== 'undefined'; +var inWeex = typeof WXEnvironment !== 'undefined' && !!WXEnvironment.platform; +var weexPlatform = inWeex && WXEnvironment.platform.toLowerCase(); +var UA = inBrowser && window.navigator.userAgent.toLowerCase(); +var isIE = UA && /msie|trident/.test(UA); +var isIE9 = UA && UA.indexOf('msie 9.0') > 0; +var isEdge = UA && UA.indexOf('edge/') > 0; +var isAndroid = (UA && UA.indexOf('android') > 0) || (weexPlatform === 'android'); +var isIOS = (UA && /iphone|ipad|ipod|ios/.test(UA)) || (weexPlatform === 'ios'); +var isChrome = UA && /chrome\/\d+/.test(UA) && !isEdge; + +// Firefox has a "watch" function on Object.prototype... +var nativeWatch = ({}).watch; + +var supportsPassive = false; +if (inBrowser) { + try { + var opts = {}; + Object.defineProperty(opts, 'passive', ({ + get: function get () { + /* istanbul ignore next */ + supportsPassive = true; + } + })); // https://github.com/facebook/flow/issues/285 + window.addEventListener('test-passive', null, opts); + } catch (e) {} +} + +// this needs to be lazy-evaled because vue may be required before +// vue-server-renderer can set VUE_ENV +var _isServer; +var isServerRendering = function () { + if (_isServer === undefined) { + /* istanbul ignore if */ + if (!inBrowser && !inWeex && typeof global !== 'undefined') { + // detect presence of vue-server-renderer and avoid + // Webpack shimming the process + _isServer = global['process'].env.VUE_ENV === 'server'; + } else { + _isServer = false; + } + } + return _isServer +}; + +// detect devtools +var devtools = inBrowser && window.__VUE_DEVTOOLS_GLOBAL_HOOK__; + +/* istanbul ignore next */ +function isNative (Ctor) { + return typeof Ctor === 'function' && /native code/.test(Ctor.toString()) +} + +var hasSymbol = + typeof Symbol !== 'undefined' && isNative(Symbol) && + typeof Reflect !== 'undefined' && isNative(Reflect.ownKeys); + +var _Set; +/* istanbul ignore if */ // $flow-disable-line +if (typeof Set !== 'undefined' && isNative(Set)) { + // use native Set when available. + _Set = Set; +} else { + // a non-standard Set polyfill that only works with primitive keys. + _Set = (function () { + function Set () { + this.set = Object.create(null); + } + Set.prototype.has = function has (key) { + return this.set[key] === true + }; + Set.prototype.add = function add (key) { + this.set[key] = true; + }; + Set.prototype.clear = function clear () { + this.set = Object.create(null); + }; + + return Set; + }()); +} + +/* */ + +var warn = noop; +var tip = noop; +var generateComponentTrace = (noop); // work around flow check +var formatComponentName = (noop); + +{ + var hasConsole = typeof console !== 'undefined'; + var classifyRE = /(?:^|[-_])(\w)/g; + var classify = function (str) { return str + .replace(classifyRE, function (c) { return c.toUpperCase(); }) + .replace(/[-_]/g, ''); }; + + warn = function (msg, vm) { + var trace = vm ? generateComponentTrace(vm) : ''; + + if (config.warnHandler) { + config.warnHandler.call(null, msg, vm, trace); + } else if (hasConsole && (!config.silent)) { + console.error(("[Vue warn]: " + msg + trace)); + } + }; + + tip = function (msg, vm) { + if (hasConsole && (!config.silent)) { + console.warn("[Vue tip]: " + msg + ( + vm ? generateComponentTrace(vm) : '' + )); + } + }; + + formatComponentName = function (vm, includeFile) { + if (vm.$root === vm) { + return '' + } + var options = typeof vm === 'function' && vm.cid != null + ? vm.options + : vm._isVue + ? vm.$options || vm.constructor.options + : vm || {}; + var name = options.name || options._componentTag; + var file = options.__file; + if (!name && file) { + var match = file.match(/([^/\\]+)\.vue$/); + name = match && match[1]; + } + + return ( + (name ? ("<" + (classify(name)) + ">") : "") + + (file && includeFile !== false ? (" at " + file) : '') + ) + }; + + var repeat = function (str, n) { + var res = ''; + while (n) { + if (n % 2 === 1) { res += str; } + if (n > 1) { str += str; } + n >>= 1; + } + return res + }; + + generateComponentTrace = function (vm) { + if (vm._isVue && vm.$parent) { + var tree = []; + var currentRecursiveSequence = 0; + while (vm) { + if (tree.length > 0) { + var last = tree[tree.length - 1]; + if (last.constructor === vm.constructor) { + currentRecursiveSequence++; + vm = vm.$parent; + continue + } else if (currentRecursiveSequence > 0) { + tree[tree.length - 1] = [last, currentRecursiveSequence]; + currentRecursiveSequence = 0; + } + } + tree.push(vm); + vm = vm.$parent; + } + return '\n\nfound in\n\n' + tree + .map(function (vm, i) { return ("" + (i === 0 ? '---> ' : repeat(' ', 5 + i * 2)) + (Array.isArray(vm) + ? ((formatComponentName(vm[0])) + "... (" + (vm[1]) + " recursive calls)") + : formatComponentName(vm))); }) + .join('\n') + } else { + return ("\n\n(found in " + (formatComponentName(vm)) + ")") + } + }; +} + +/* */ + + +var uid = 0; + +/** + * A dep is an observable that can have multiple + * directives subscribing to it. + */ +var Dep = function Dep () { + this.id = uid++; + this.subs = []; +}; + +Dep.prototype.addSub = function addSub (sub) { + this.subs.push(sub); +}; + +Dep.prototype.removeSub = function removeSub (sub) { + remove(this.subs, sub); +}; + +Dep.prototype.depend = function depend () { + if (Dep.target) { + Dep.target.addDep(this); + } +}; + +Dep.prototype.notify = function notify () { + // stabilize the subscriber list first + var subs = this.subs.slice(); + for (var i = 0, l = subs.length; i < l; i++) { + subs[i].update(); + } +}; + +// the current target watcher being evaluated. +// this is globally unique because there could be only one +// watcher being evaluated at any time. +Dep.target = null; +var targetStack = []; + +function pushTarget (_target) { + if (Dep.target) { targetStack.push(Dep.target); } + Dep.target = _target; +} + +function popTarget () { + Dep.target = targetStack.pop(); +} + +/* */ + +var VNode = function VNode ( + tag, + data, + children, + text, + elm, + context, + componentOptions, + asyncFactory +) { + this.tag = tag; + this.data = data; + this.children = children; + this.text = text; + this.elm = elm; + this.ns = undefined; + this.context = context; + this.fnContext = undefined; + this.fnOptions = undefined; + this.fnScopeId = undefined; + this.key = data && data.key; + this.componentOptions = componentOptions; + this.componentInstance = undefined; + this.parent = undefined; + this.raw = false; + this.isStatic = false; + this.isRootInsert = true; + this.isComment = false; + this.isCloned = false; + this.isOnce = false; + this.asyncFactory = asyncFactory; + this.asyncMeta = undefined; + this.isAsyncPlaceholder = false; +}; + +var prototypeAccessors = { child: { configurable: true } }; + +// DEPRECATED: alias for componentInstance for backwards compat. +/* istanbul ignore next */ +prototypeAccessors.child.get = function () { + return this.componentInstance +}; + +Object.defineProperties( VNode.prototype, prototypeAccessors ); + +var createEmptyVNode = function (text) { + if ( text === void 0 ) text = ''; + + var node = new VNode(); + node.text = text; + node.isComment = true; + return node +}; + +function createTextVNode (val) { + return new VNode(undefined, undefined, undefined, String(val)) +} + +// optimized shallow clone +// used for static nodes and slot nodes because they may be reused across +// multiple renders, cloning them avoids errors when DOM manipulations rely +// on their elm reference. +function cloneVNode (vnode) { + var cloned = new VNode( + vnode.tag, + vnode.data, + vnode.children, + vnode.text, + vnode.elm, + vnode.context, + vnode.componentOptions, + vnode.asyncFactory + ); + cloned.ns = vnode.ns; + cloned.isStatic = vnode.isStatic; + cloned.key = vnode.key; + cloned.isComment = vnode.isComment; + cloned.fnContext = vnode.fnContext; + cloned.fnOptions = vnode.fnOptions; + cloned.fnScopeId = vnode.fnScopeId; + cloned.isCloned = true; + return cloned +} + +/* + * not type checking this file because flow doesn't play well with + * dynamically accessing methods on Array prototype + */ + +var arrayProto = Array.prototype; +var arrayMethods = Object.create(arrayProto); + +var methodsToPatch = [ + 'push', + 'pop', + 'shift', + 'unshift', + 'splice', + 'sort', + 'reverse' +]; + +/** + * Intercept mutating methods and emit events + */ +methodsToPatch.forEach(function (method) { + // cache original method + var original = arrayProto[method]; + def(arrayMethods, method, function mutator () { + var args = [], len = arguments.length; + while ( len-- ) args[ len ] = arguments[ len ]; + + var result = original.apply(this, args); + var ob = this.__ob__; + var inserted; + switch (method) { + case 'push': + case 'unshift': + inserted = args; + break + case 'splice': + inserted = args.slice(2); + break + } + if (inserted) { ob.observeArray(inserted); } + // notify change + ob.dep.notify(); + return result + }); +}); + +/* */ + +var arrayKeys = Object.getOwnPropertyNames(arrayMethods); + +/** + * In some cases we may want to disable observation inside a component's + * update computation. + */ +var shouldObserve = true; + +function toggleObserving (value) { + shouldObserve = value; +} + +/** + * Observer class that is attached to each observed + * object. Once attached, the observer converts the target + * object's property keys into getter/setters that + * collect dependencies and dispatch updates. + */ +var Observer = function Observer (value) { + this.value = value; + this.dep = new Dep(); + this.vmCount = 0; + def(value, '__ob__', this); + if (Array.isArray(value)) { + var augment = hasProto + ? protoAugment + : copyAugment; + augment(value, arrayMethods, arrayKeys); + this.observeArray(value); + } else { + this.walk(value); + } +}; + +/** + * Walk through each property and convert them into + * getter/setters. This method should only be called when + * value type is Object. + */ +Observer.prototype.walk = function walk (obj) { + var keys = Object.keys(obj); + for (var i = 0; i < keys.length; i++) { + defineReactive(obj, keys[i]); + } +}; + +/** + * Observe a list of Array items. + */ +Observer.prototype.observeArray = function observeArray (items) { + for (var i = 0, l = items.length; i < l; i++) { + observe(items[i]); + } +}; + +// helpers + +/** + * Augment an target Object or Array by intercepting + * the prototype chain using __proto__ + */ +function protoAugment (target, src, keys) { + /* eslint-disable no-proto */ + target.__proto__ = src; + /* eslint-enable no-proto */ +} + +/** + * Augment an target Object or Array by defining + * hidden properties. + */ +/* istanbul ignore next */ +function copyAugment (target, src, keys) { + for (var i = 0, l = keys.length; i < l; i++) { + var key = keys[i]; + def(target, key, src[key]); + } +} + +/** + * Attempt to create an observer instance for a value, + * returns the new observer if successfully observed, + * or the existing observer if the value already has one. + */ +function observe (value, asRootData) { + if (!isObject(value) || value instanceof VNode) { + return + } + var ob; + if (hasOwn(value, '__ob__') && value.__ob__ instanceof Observer) { + ob = value.__ob__; + } else if ( + shouldObserve && + !isServerRendering() && + (Array.isArray(value) || isPlainObject(value)) && + Object.isExtensible(value) && + !value._isVue + ) { + ob = new Observer(value); + } + if (asRootData && ob) { + ob.vmCount++; + } + return ob +} + +/** + * Define a reactive property on an Object. + */ +function defineReactive ( + obj, + key, + val, + customSetter, + shallow +) { + var dep = new Dep(); + + var property = Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(obj, key); + if (property && property.configurable === false) { + return + } + + // cater for pre-defined getter/setters + var getter = property && property.get; + if (!getter && arguments.length === 2) { + val = obj[key]; + } + var setter = property && property.set; + + var childOb = !shallow && observe(val); + Object.defineProperty(obj, key, { + enumerable: true, + configurable: true, + get: function reactiveGetter () { + var value = getter ? getter.call(obj) : val; + if (Dep.target) { + dep.depend(); + if (childOb) { + childOb.dep.depend(); + if (Array.isArray(value)) { + dependArray(value); + } + } + } + return value + }, + set: function reactiveSetter (newVal) { + var value = getter ? getter.call(obj) : val; + /* eslint-disable no-self-compare */ + if (newVal === value || (newVal !== newVal && value !== value)) { + return + } + /* eslint-enable no-self-compare */ + if ("development" !== 'production' && customSetter) { + customSetter(); + } + if (setter) { + setter.call(obj, newVal); + } else { + val = newVal; + } + childOb = !shallow && observe(newVal); + dep.notify(); + } + }); +} + +/** + * Set a property on an object. Adds the new property and + * triggers change notification if the property doesn't + * already exist. + */ +function set (target, key, val) { + if ("development" !== 'production' && + (isUndef(target) || isPrimitive(target)) + ) { + warn(("Cannot set reactive property on undefined, null, or primitive value: " + ((target)))); + } + if (Array.isArray(target) && isValidArrayIndex(key)) { + target.length = Math.max(target.length, key); + target.splice(key, 1, val); + return val + } + if (key in target && !(key in Object.prototype)) { + target[key] = val; + return val + } + var ob = (target).__ob__; + if (target._isVue || (ob && ob.vmCount)) { + "development" !== 'production' && warn( + 'Avoid adding reactive properties to a Vue instance or its root $data ' + + 'at runtime - declare it upfront in the data option.' + ); + return val + } + if (!ob) { + target[key] = val; + return val + } + defineReactive(ob.value, key, val); + ob.dep.notify(); + return val +} + +/** + * Delete a property and trigger change if necessary. + */ +function del (target, key) { + if ("development" !== 'production' && + (isUndef(target) || isPrimitive(target)) + ) { + warn(("Cannot delete reactive property on undefined, null, or primitive value: " + ((target)))); + } + if (Array.isArray(target) && isValidArrayIndex(key)) { + target.splice(key, 1); + return + } + var ob = (target).__ob__; + if (target._isVue || (ob && ob.vmCount)) { + "development" !== 'production' && warn( + 'Avoid deleting properties on a Vue instance or its root $data ' + + '- just set it to null.' + ); + return + } + if (!hasOwn(target, key)) { + return + } + delete target[key]; + if (!ob) { + return + } + ob.dep.notify(); +} + +/** + * Collect dependencies on array elements when the array is touched, since + * we cannot intercept array element access like property getters. + */ +function dependArray (value) { + for (var e = (void 0), i = 0, l = value.length; i < l; i++) { + e = value[i]; + e && e.__ob__ && e.__ob__.dep.depend(); + if (Array.isArray(e)) { + dependArray(e); + } + } +} + +/* */ + +/** + * Option overwriting strategies are functions that handle + * how to merge a parent option value and a child option + * value into the final value. + */ +var strats = config.optionMergeStrategies; + +/** + * Options with restrictions + */ +{ + strats.el = strats.propsData = function (parent, child, vm, key) { + if (!vm) { + warn( + "option \"" + key + "\" can only be used during instance " + + 'creation with the `new` keyword.' + ); + } + return defaultStrat(parent, child) + }; +} + +/** + * Helper that recursively merges two data objects together. + */ +function mergeData (to, from) { + if (!from) { return to } + var key, toVal, fromVal; + var keys = Object.keys(from); + for (var i = 0; i < keys.length; i++) { + key = keys[i]; + toVal = to[key]; + fromVal = from[key]; + if (!hasOwn(to, key)) { + set(to, key, fromVal); + } else if (isPlainObject(toVal) && isPlainObject(fromVal)) { + mergeData(toVal, fromVal); + } + } + return to +} + +/** + * Data + */ +function mergeDataOrFn ( + parentVal, + childVal, + vm +) { + if (!vm) { + // in a Vue.extend merge, both should be functions + if (!childVal) { + return parentVal + } + if (!parentVal) { + return childVal + } + // when parentVal & childVal are both present, + // we need to return a function that returns the + // merged result of both functions... no need to + // check if parentVal is a function here because + // it has to be a function to pass previous merges. + return function mergedDataFn () { + return mergeData( + typeof childVal === 'function' ? childVal.call(this, this) : childVal, + typeof parentVal === 'function' ? parentVal.call(this, this) : parentVal + ) + } + } else { + return function mergedInstanceDataFn () { + // instance merge + var instanceData = typeof childVal === 'function' + ? childVal.call(vm, vm) + : childVal; + var defaultData = typeof parentVal === 'function' + ? parentVal.call(vm, vm) + : parentVal; + if (instanceData) { + return mergeData(instanceData, defaultData) + } else { + return defaultData + } + } + } +} + +strats.data = function ( + parentVal, + childVal, + vm +) { + if (!vm) { + if (childVal && typeof childVal !== 'function') { + "development" !== 'production' && warn( + 'The "data" option should be a function ' + + 'that returns a per-instance value in component ' + + 'definitions.', + vm + ); + + return parentVal + } + return mergeDataOrFn(parentVal, childVal) + } + + return mergeDataOrFn(parentVal, childVal, vm) +}; + +/** + * Hooks and props are merged as arrays. + */ +function mergeHook ( + parentVal, + childVal +) { + return childVal + ? parentVal + ? parentVal.concat(childVal) + : Array.isArray(childVal) + ? childVal + : [childVal] + : parentVal +} + +LIFECYCLE_HOOKS.forEach(function (hook) { + strats[hook] = mergeHook; +}); + +/** + * Assets + * + * When a vm is present (instance creation), we need to do + * a three-way merge between constructor options, instance + * options and parent options. + */ +function mergeAssets ( + parentVal, + childVal, + vm, + key +) { + var res = Object.create(parentVal || null); + if (childVal) { + "development" !== 'production' && assertObjectType(key, childVal, vm); + return extend(res, childVal) + } else { + return res + } +} + +ASSET_TYPES.forEach(function (type) { + strats[type + 's'] = mergeAssets; +}); + +/** + * Watchers. + * + * Watchers hashes should not overwrite one + * another, so we merge them as arrays. + */ +strats.watch = function ( + parentVal, + childVal, + vm, + key +) { + // work around Firefox's Object.prototype.watch... + if (parentVal === nativeWatch) { parentVal = undefined; } + if (childVal === nativeWatch) { childVal = undefined; } + /* istanbul ignore if */ + if (!childVal) { return Object.create(parentVal || null) } + { + assertObjectType(key, childVal, vm); + } + if (!parentVal) { return childVal } + var ret = {}; + extend(ret, parentVal); + for (var key$1 in childVal) { + var parent = ret[key$1]; + var child = childVal[key$1]; + if (parent && !Array.isArray(parent)) { + parent = [parent]; + } + ret[key$1] = parent + ? parent.concat(child) + : Array.isArray(child) ? child : [child]; + } + return ret +}; + +/** + * Other object hashes. + */ +strats.props = +strats.methods = +strats.inject = +strats.computed = function ( + parentVal, + childVal, + vm, + key +) { + if (childVal && "development" !== 'production') { + assertObjectType(key, childVal, vm); + } + if (!parentVal) { return childVal } + var ret = Object.create(null); + extend(ret, parentVal); + if (childVal) { extend(ret, childVal); } + return ret +}; +strats.provide = mergeDataOrFn; + +/** + * Default strategy. + */ +var defaultStrat = function (parentVal, childVal) { + return childVal === undefined + ? parentVal + : childVal +}; + +/** + * Validate component names + */ +function checkComponents (options) { + for (var key in options.components) { + validateComponentName(key); + } +} + +function validateComponentName (name) { + if (!/^[a-zA-Z][\w-]*$/.test(name)) { + warn( + 'Invalid component name: "' + name + '". Component names ' + + 'can only contain alphanumeric characters and the hyphen, ' + + 'and must start with a letter.' + ); + } + if (isBuiltInTag(name) || config.isReservedTag(name)) { + warn( + 'Do not use built-in or reserved HTML elements as component ' + + 'id: ' + name + ); + } +} + +/** + * Ensure all props option syntax are normalized into the + * Object-based format. + */ +function normalizeProps (options, vm) { + var props = options.props; + if (!props) { return } + var res = {}; + var i, val, name; + if (Array.isArray(props)) { + i = props.length; + while (i--) { + val = props[i]; + if (typeof val === 'string') { + name = camelize(val); + res[name] = { type: null }; + } else { + warn('props must be strings when using array syntax.'); + } + } + } else if (isPlainObject(props)) { + for (var key in props) { + val = props[key]; + name = camelize(key); + res[name] = isPlainObject(val) + ? val + : { type: val }; + } + } else { + warn( + "Invalid value for option \"props\": expected an Array or an Object, " + + "but got " + (toRawType(props)) + ".", + vm + ); + } + options.props = res; +} + +/** + * Normalize all injections into Object-based format + */ +function normalizeInject (options, vm) { + var inject = options.inject; + if (!inject) { return } + var normalized = options.inject = {}; + if (Array.isArray(inject)) { + for (var i = 0; i < inject.length; i++) { + normalized[inject[i]] = { from: inject[i] }; + } + } else if (isPlainObject(inject)) { + for (var key in inject) { + var val = inject[key]; + normalized[key] = isPlainObject(val) + ? extend({ from: key }, val) + : { from: val }; + } + } else { + warn( + "Invalid value for option \"inject\": expected an Array or an Object, " + + "but got " + (toRawType(inject)) + ".", + vm + ); + } +} + +/** + * Normalize raw function directives into object format. + */ +function normalizeDirectives (options) { + var dirs = options.directives; + if (dirs) { + for (var key in dirs) { + var def = dirs[key]; + if (typeof def === 'function') { + dirs[key] = { bind: def, update: def }; + } + } + } +} + +function assertObjectType (name, value, vm) { + if (!isPlainObject(value)) { + warn( + "Invalid value for option \"" + name + "\": expected an Object, " + + "but got " + (toRawType(value)) + ".", + vm + ); + } +} + +/** + * Merge two option objects into a new one. + * Core utility used in both instantiation and inheritance. + */ +function mergeOptions ( + parent, + child, + vm +) { + { + checkComponents(child); + } + + if (typeof child === 'function') { + child = child.options; + } + + normalizeProps(child, vm); + normalizeInject(child, vm); + normalizeDirectives(child); + var extendsFrom = child.extends; + if (extendsFrom) { + parent = mergeOptions(parent, extendsFrom, vm); + } + if (child.mixins) { + for (var i = 0, l = child.mixins.length; i < l; i++) { + parent = mergeOptions(parent, child.mixins[i], vm); + } + } + var options = {}; + var key; + for (key in parent) { + mergeField(key); + } + for (key in child) { + if (!hasOwn(parent, key)) { + mergeField(key); + } + } + function mergeField (key) { + var strat = strats[key] || defaultStrat; + options[key] = strat(parent[key], child[key], vm, key); + } + return options +} + +/** + * Resolve an asset. + * This function is used because child instances need access + * to assets defined in its ancestor chain. + */ +function resolveAsset ( + options, + type, + id, + warnMissing +) { + /* istanbul ignore if */ + if (typeof id !== 'string') { + return + } + var assets = options[type]; + // check local registration variations first + if (hasOwn(assets, id)) { return assets[id] } + var camelizedId = camelize(id); + if (hasOwn(assets, camelizedId)) { return assets[camelizedId] } + var PascalCaseId = capitalize(camelizedId); + if (hasOwn(assets, PascalCaseId)) { return assets[PascalCaseId] } + // fallback to prototype chain + var res = assets[id] || assets[camelizedId] || assets[PascalCaseId]; + if ("development" !== 'production' && warnMissing && !res) { + warn( + 'Failed to resolve ' + type.slice(0, -1) + ': ' + id, + options + ); + } + return res +} + +/* */ + +function validateProp ( + key, + propOptions, + propsData, + vm +) { + var prop = propOptions[key]; + var absent = !hasOwn(propsData, key); + var value = propsData[key]; + // boolean casting + var booleanIndex = getTypeIndex(Boolean, prop.type); + if (booleanIndex > -1) { + if (absent && !hasOwn(prop, 'default')) { + value = false; + } else if (value === '' || value === hyphenate(key)) { + // only cast empty string / same name to boolean if + // boolean has higher priority + var stringIndex = getTypeIndex(String, prop.type); + if (stringIndex < 0 || booleanIndex < stringIndex) { + value = true; + } + } + } + // check default value + if (value === undefined) { + value = getPropDefaultValue(vm, prop, key); + // since the default value is a fresh copy, + // make sure to observe it. + var prevShouldObserve = shouldObserve; + toggleObserving(true); + observe(value); + toggleObserving(prevShouldObserve); + } + { + assertProp(prop, key, value, vm, absent); + } + return value +} + +/** + * Get the default value of a prop. + */ +function getPropDefaultValue (vm, prop, key) { + // no default, return undefined + if (!hasOwn(prop, 'default')) { + return undefined + } + var def = prop.default; + // warn against non-factory defaults for Object & Array + if ("development" !== 'production' && isObject(def)) { + warn( + 'Invalid default value for prop "' + key + '": ' + + 'Props with type Object/Array must use a factory function ' + + 'to return the default value.', + vm + ); + } + // the raw prop value was also undefined from previous render, + // return previous default value to avoid unnecessary watcher trigger + if (vm && vm.$options.propsData && + vm.$options.propsData[key] === undefined && + vm._props[key] !== undefined + ) { + return vm._props[key] + } + // call factory function for non-Function types + // a value is Function if its prototype is function even across different execution context + return typeof def === 'function' && getType(prop.type) !== 'Function' + ? def.call(vm) + : def +} + +/** + * Assert whether a prop is valid. + */ +function assertProp ( + prop, + name, + value, + vm, + absent +) { + if (prop.required && absent) { + warn( + 'Missing required prop: "' + name + '"', + vm + ); + return + } + if (value == null && !prop.required) { + return + } + var type = prop.type; + var valid = !type || type === true; + var expectedTypes = []; + if (type) { + if (!Array.isArray(type)) { + type = [type]; + } + for (var i = 0; i < type.length && !valid; i++) { + var assertedType = assertType(value, type[i]); + expectedTypes.push(assertedType.expectedType || ''); + valid = assertedType.valid; + } + } + if (!valid) { + warn( + "Invalid prop: type check failed for prop \"" + name + "\"." + + " Expected " + (expectedTypes.map(capitalize).join(', ')) + + ", got " + (toRawType(value)) + ".", + vm + ); + return + } + var validator = prop.validator; + if (validator) { + if (!validator(value)) { + warn( + 'Invalid prop: custom validator check failed for prop "' + name + '".', + vm + ); + } + } +} + +var simpleCheckRE = /^(String|Number|Boolean|Function|Symbol)$/; + +function assertType (value, type) { + var valid; + var expectedType = getType(type); + if (simpleCheckRE.test(expectedType)) { + var t = typeof value; + valid = t === expectedType.toLowerCase(); + // for primitive wrapper objects + if (!valid && t === 'object') { + valid = value instanceof type; + } + } else if (expectedType === 'Object') { + valid = isPlainObject(value); + } else if (expectedType === 'Array') { + valid = Array.isArray(value); + } else { + valid = value instanceof type; + } + return { + valid: valid, + expectedType: expectedType + } +} + +/** + * Use function string name to check built-in types, + * because a simple equality check will fail when running + * across different vms / iframes. + */ +function getType (fn) { + var match = fn && fn.toString().match(/^\s*function (\w+)/); + return match ? match[1] : '' +} + +function isSameType (a, b) { + return getType(a) === getType(b) +} + +function getTypeIndex (type, expectedTypes) { + if (!Array.isArray(expectedTypes)) { + return isSameType(expectedTypes, type) ? 0 : -1 + } + for (var i = 0, len = expectedTypes.length; i < len; i++) { + if (isSameType(expectedTypes[i], type)) { + return i + } + } + return -1 +} + +/* */ + +function handleError (err, vm, info) { + if (vm) { + var cur = vm; + while ((cur = cur.$parent)) { + var hooks = cur.$options.errorCaptured; + if (hooks) { + for (var i = 0; i < hooks.length; i++) { + try { + var capture = hooks[i].call(cur, err, vm, info) === false; + if (capture) { return } + } catch (e) { + globalHandleError(e, cur, 'errorCaptured hook'); + } + } + } + } + } + globalHandleError(err, vm, info); +} + +function globalHandleError (err, vm, info) { + if (config.errorHandler) { + try { + return config.errorHandler.call(null, err, vm, info) + } catch (e) { + logError(e, null, 'config.errorHandler'); + } + } + logError(err, vm, info); +} + +function logError (err, vm, info) { + { + warn(("Error in " + info + ": \"" + (err.toString()) + "\""), vm); + } + /* istanbul ignore else */ + if ((inBrowser || inWeex) && typeof console !== 'undefined') { + console.error(err); + } else { + throw err + } +} + +/* */ +/* globals MessageChannel */ + +var callbacks = []; +var pending = false; + +function flushCallbacks () { + pending = false; + var copies = callbacks.slice(0); + callbacks.length = 0; + for (var i = 0; i < copies.length; i++) { + copies[i](); + } +} + +// Here we have async deferring wrappers using both microtasks and (macro) tasks. +// In < 2.4 we used microtasks everywhere, but there are some scenarios where +// microtasks have too high a priority and fire in between supposedly +// sequential events (e.g. #4521, #6690) or even between bubbling of the same +// event (#6566). However, using (macro) tasks everywhere also has subtle problems +// when state is changed right before repaint (e.g. #6813, out-in transitions). +// Here we use microtask by default, but expose a way to force (macro) task when +// needed (e.g. in event handlers attached by v-on). +var microTimerFunc; +var macroTimerFunc; +var useMacroTask = false; + +// Determine (macro) task defer implementation. +// Technically setImmediate should be the ideal choice, but it's only available +// in IE. The only polyfill that consistently queues the callback after all DOM +// events triggered in the same loop is by using MessageChannel. +/* istanbul ignore if */ +if (typeof setImmediate !== 'undefined' && isNative(setImmediate)) { + macroTimerFunc = function () { + setImmediate(flushCallbacks); + }; +} else if (typeof MessageChannel !== 'undefined' && ( + isNative(MessageChannel) || + // PhantomJS + MessageChannel.toString() === '[object MessageChannelConstructor]' +)) { + var channel = new MessageChannel(); + var port = channel.port2; + channel.port1.onmessage = flushCallbacks; + macroTimerFunc = function () { + port.postMessage(1); + }; +} else { + /* istanbul ignore next */ + macroTimerFunc = function () { + setTimeout(flushCallbacks, 0); + }; +} + +// Determine microtask defer implementation. +/* istanbul ignore next, $flow-disable-line */ +if (typeof Promise !== 'undefined' && isNative(Promise)) { + var p = Promise.resolve(); + microTimerFunc = function () { + p.then(flushCallbacks); + // in problematic UIWebViews, Promise.then doesn't completely break, but + // it can get stuck in a weird state where callbacks are pushed into the + // microtask queue but the queue isn't being flushed, until the browser + // needs to do some other work, e.g. handle a timer. Therefore we can + // "force" the microtask queue to be flushed by adding an empty timer. + if (isIOS) { setTimeout(noop); } + }; +} else { + // fallback to macro + microTimerFunc = macroTimerFunc; +} + +/** + * Wrap a function so that if any code inside triggers state change, + * the changes are queued using a (macro) task instead of a microtask. + */ +function withMacroTask (fn) { + return fn._withTask || (fn._withTask = function () { + useMacroTask = true; + var res = fn.apply(null, arguments); + useMacroTask = false; + return res + }) +} + +function nextTick (cb, ctx) { + var _resolve; + callbacks.push(function () { + if (cb) { + try { + cb.call(ctx); + } catch (e) { + handleError(e, ctx, 'nextTick'); + } + } else if (_resolve) { + _resolve(ctx); + } + }); + if (!pending) { + pending = true; + if (useMacroTask) { + macroTimerFunc(); + } else { + microTimerFunc(); + } + } + // $flow-disable-line + if (!cb && typeof Promise !== 'undefined') { + return new Promise(function (resolve) { + _resolve = resolve; + }) + } +} + +/* */ + +var mark; +var measure; + +{ + var perf = inBrowser && window.performance; + /* istanbul ignore if */ + if ( + perf && + perf.mark && + perf.measure && + perf.clearMarks && + perf.clearMeasures + ) { + mark = function (tag) { return perf.mark(tag); }; + measure = function (name, startTag, endTag) { + perf.measure(name, startTag, endTag); + perf.clearMarks(startTag); + perf.clearMarks(endTag); + perf.clearMeasures(name); + }; + } +} + +/* not type checking this file because flow doesn't play well with Proxy */ + +var initProxy; + +{ + var allowedGlobals = makeMap( + 'Infinity,undefined,NaN,isFinite,isNaN,' + + 'parseFloat,parseInt,decodeURI,decodeURIComponent,encodeURI,encodeURIComponent,' + + 'Math,Number,Date,Array,Object,Boolean,String,RegExp,Map,Set,JSON,Intl,' + + 'require' // for Webpack/Browserify + ); + + var warnNonPresent = function (target, key) { + warn( + "Property or method \"" + key + "\" is not defined on the instance but " + + 'referenced during render. Make sure that this property is reactive, ' + + 'either in the data option, or for class-based components, by ' + + 'initializing the property. ' + + 'See: https://vuejs.org/v2/guide/reactivity.html#Declaring-Reactive-Properties.', + target + ); + }; + + var hasProxy = + typeof Proxy !== 'undefined' && isNative(Proxy); + + if (hasProxy) { + var isBuiltInModifier = makeMap('stop,prevent,self,ctrl,shift,alt,meta,exact'); + config.keyCodes = new Proxy(config.keyCodes, { + set: function set (target, key, value) { + if (isBuiltInModifier(key)) { + warn(("Avoid overwriting built-in modifier in config.keyCodes: ." + key)); + return false + } else { + target[key] = value; + return true + } + } + }); + } + + var hasHandler = { + has: function has (target, key) { + var has = key in target; + var isAllowed = allowedGlobals(key) || key.charAt(0) === '_'; + if (!has && !isAllowed) { + warnNonPresent(target, key); + } + return has || !isAllowed + } + }; + + var getHandler = { + get: function get (target, key) { + if (typeof key === 'string' && !(key in target)) { + warnNonPresent(target, key); + } + return target[key] + } + }; + + initProxy = function initProxy (vm) { + if (hasProxy) { + // determine which proxy handler to use + var options = vm.$options; + var handlers = options.render && options.render._withStripped + ? getHandler + : hasHandler; + vm._renderProxy = new Proxy(vm, handlers); + } else { + vm._renderProxy = vm; + } + }; +} + +/* */ + +var seenObjects = new _Set(); + +/** + * Recursively traverse an object to evoke all converted + * getters, so that every nested property inside the object + * is collected as a "deep" dependency. + */ +function traverse (val) { + _traverse(val, seenObjects); + seenObjects.clear(); +} + +function _traverse (val, seen) { + var i, keys; + var isA = Array.isArray(val); + if ((!isA && !isObject(val)) || Object.isFrozen(val) || val instanceof VNode) { + return + } + if (val.__ob__) { + var depId = val.__ob__.dep.id; + if (seen.has(depId)) { + return + } + seen.add(depId); + } + if (isA) { + i = val.length; + while (i--) { _traverse(val[i], seen); } + } else { + keys = Object.keys(val); + i = keys.length; + while (i--) { _traverse(val[keys[i]], seen); } + } +} + +/* */ + +var normalizeEvent = cached(function (name) { + var passive = name.charAt(0) === '&'; + name = passive ? name.slice(1) : name; + var once$$1 = name.charAt(0) === '~'; // Prefixed last, checked first + name = once$$1 ? name.slice(1) : name; + var capture = name.charAt(0) === '!'; + name = capture ? name.slice(1) : name; + return { + name: name, + once: once$$1, + capture: capture, + passive: passive + } +}); + +function createFnInvoker (fns) { + function invoker () { + var arguments$1 = arguments; + + var fns = invoker.fns; + if (Array.isArray(fns)) { + var cloned = fns.slice(); + for (var i = 0; i < cloned.length; i++) { + cloned[i].apply(null, arguments$1); + } + } else { + // return handler return value for single handlers + return fns.apply(null, arguments) + } + } + invoker.fns = fns; + return invoker +} + +function updateListeners ( + on, + oldOn, + add, + remove$$1, + vm +) { + var name, def, cur, old, event; + for (name in on) { + def = cur = on[name]; + old = oldOn[name]; + event = normalizeEvent(name); + /* istanbul ignore if */ + if (isUndef(cur)) { + "development" !== 'production' && warn( + "Invalid handler for event \"" + (event.name) + "\": got " + String(cur), + vm + ); + } else if (isUndef(old)) { + if (isUndef(cur.fns)) { + cur = on[name] = createFnInvoker(cur); + } + add(event.name, cur, event.once, event.capture, event.passive, event.params); + } else if (cur !== old) { + old.fns = cur; + on[name] = old; + } + } + for (name in oldOn) { + if (isUndef(on[name])) { + event = normalizeEvent(name); + remove$$1(event.name, oldOn[name], event.capture); + } + } +} + +/* */ + +function mergeVNodeHook (def, hookKey, hook) { + if (def instanceof VNode) { + def = def.data.hook || (def.data.hook = {}); + } + var invoker; + var oldHook = def[hookKey]; + + function wrappedHook () { + hook.apply(this, arguments); + // important: remove merged hook to ensure it's called only once + // and prevent memory leak + remove(invoker.fns, wrappedHook); + } + + if (isUndef(oldHook)) { + // no existing hook + invoker = createFnInvoker([wrappedHook]); + } else { + /* istanbul ignore if */ + if (isDef(oldHook.fns) && isTrue(oldHook.merged)) { + // already a merged invoker + invoker = oldHook; + invoker.fns.push(wrappedHook); + } else { + // existing plain hook + invoker = createFnInvoker([oldHook, wrappedHook]); + } + } + + invoker.merged = true; + def[hookKey] = invoker; +} + +/* */ + +function extractPropsFromVNodeData ( + data, + Ctor, + tag +) { + // we are only extracting raw values here. + // validation and default values are handled in the child + // component itself. + var propOptions = Ctor.options.props; + if (isUndef(propOptions)) { + return + } + var res = {}; + var attrs = data.attrs; + var props = data.props; + if (isDef(attrs) || isDef(props)) { + for (var key in propOptions) { + var altKey = hyphenate(key); + { + var keyInLowerCase = key.toLowerCase(); + if ( + key !== keyInLowerCase && + attrs && hasOwn(attrs, keyInLowerCase) + ) { + tip( + "Prop \"" + keyInLowerCase + "\" is passed to component " + + (formatComponentName(tag || Ctor)) + ", but the declared prop name is" + + " \"" + key + "\". " + + "Note that HTML attributes are case-insensitive and camelCased " + + "props need to use their kebab-case equivalents when using in-DOM " + + "templates. You should probably use \"" + altKey + "\" instead of \"" + key + "\"." + ); + } + } + checkProp(res, props, key, altKey, true) || + checkProp(res, attrs, key, altKey, false); + } + } + return res +} + +function checkProp ( + res, + hash, + key, + altKey, + preserve +) { + if (isDef(hash)) { + if (hasOwn(hash, key)) { + res[key] = hash[key]; + if (!preserve) { + delete hash[key]; + } + return true + } else if (hasOwn(hash, altKey)) { + res[key] = hash[altKey]; + if (!preserve) { + delete hash[altKey]; + } + return true + } + } + return false +} + +/* */ + +// The template compiler attempts to minimize the need for normalization by +// statically analyzing the template at compile time. +// +// For plain HTML markup, normalization can be completely skipped because the +// generated render function is guaranteed to return Array. There are +// two cases where extra normalization is needed: + +// 1. When the children contains components - because a functional component +// may return an Array instead of a single root. In this case, just a simple +// normalization is needed - if any child is an Array, we flatten the whole +// thing with Array.prototype.concat. It is guaranteed to be only 1-level deep +// because functional components already normalize their own children. +function simpleNormalizeChildren (children) { + for (var i = 0; i < children.length; i++) { + if (Array.isArray(children[i])) { + return Array.prototype.concat.apply([], children) + } + } + return children +} + +// 2. When the children contains constructs that always generated nested Arrays, +// e.g.